The application of nanoparticles in tribology has received considerable attention in recent years...In the physical world around us, nothing happens without friction. It is both a constraint and a necessary condition for the transfer of power in mechanical systems.

NanoTribology: http://www.pacificnanotech.com/nanotribology_single.html

news@nature.com - Nano-lubrication: facts and friction

EUROPA - Research - RTD info -N°39 - November 2003 - Tribology in ...INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES Tribology in the 'nano' age. ... as well as optimising the power transmitted by mechanical systems and the complex lubrication they require

Tribo-Mechanics of Nano-materials ... In this project, dynamic friction of nano materials will be investigated using ... behavior
of interfaces as functions of surface characteristics and lubrication. ...

Preparation of Ni Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their ... performance under boundary and mixed-film lubrication conditions. http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf&id=JOTRE9000123000003000441000001&idtype=cvips

What is a nanotechnologist?... "Nano Lubrication (Robert Carpick  advisor): http://www.fearofphysics.com/Friction/frintro.html - an introduction to friction; http://www.nature.com/nsu/001207/001207-7.html - "Nano Lubrication: Facts and Friction," a Nature article by David Adams; http://www.nano-world.org/frictionmodule/content - an in-depth look at friction

ApNano Materials Popular Press. Popular Press. Scientific Literature. General >>. Israel 21c - Israeli
nano-lubricant could mean no more oil changes",
 http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles%5El866&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Technology

Microsoft PowerPoint - COSTTRIBTECH01 File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Kenneth Holmberg: COST TRIBOTECHNOLOGY, Stockholm 28.5.2001 SUPERIOR FRICTION AND WEAR CONTROL IN ENGINES AND TRANSMISSIONS ...   http://ltds.ec-lyon.fr/cost532/532Holmbergpresentation.pdf

Lubrication Chemistry Viewed from DFT-Based Concepts and Electronic Structural Principles
: http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i5010013.pdf

References and Notes
1. Adams, L. G.; Hector, Jr.; Soegel, D. J. et al. Adhesion, lubrication, and wear on the atomic scale.
http://ceaspub.eas.asu.edu/cms/papers/wear_review.pdf  .
4. Olsson, M. Chemical factors influencing engine wear.
http://www.himec.org/materials/himec/Pages/Material_for_nedladdning/posters_01/Martin_poster.pdf .
8. Kajdas, C. Tribochemistry Studied by Surface-Analytical Tools.
http://www.nanoworld.unibas.ch/lm/nanotribo/research/tribochemistry .
12. Taylor, I. Car lubricants: fact and friction. http://physicsweb.org/article/world/15/2/7
15. Anne, M. C. Quantum Mechanics and the Automobile. http://www.phys.ksu.edu/paw/sc/abs/chaka.htm  .
16. Singer, I.; Pollock, H. Epilogue to the NATO ASI on fundamentals of friction. May 1992. http://stm2.nrl.navy.mil/~wahl/epilogue.pdf
27. Zehe, M. J., Computational Chemistry and Lubrication: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT1997/5000/5140zehe.htm
41. Holmberg, K. Tribotechnology 2001. http://ltds.ec-lyon.fr/cost532/532holmbergpresentation.pdf

Size-dependent adhesion of nanoparticles on rough substrates ... The adhesion of nanoparticles is vast in scope encompassing the physics of surfaces and interfaces, polymers,microelectronics,adsorption,tribology

NanoTribology Introduction. The term tribology is derived from the Greek word "tribo"
meaning rubbing and "logy" meaning knowledge.
http://www.pacificnanotech.com/nanotribology_single.html

  1. L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, I. Lapsker, Yu. Volovik, O. Nepomnyashchy, M. Lvovsky, R. Popovitz-Biro, Y. Feldman and R. Tenne "Tribological properties of WS2 nanoparticles under mixed lubrication" Wear 255, 7-12, 785-793 (2003)
  2. L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, M. Lvovsky, I. Lapsker, Yu. Volovik, Y. Feldman, R. Popovitz-Biro and R. Tenne "Superior tribological properties of powder materials with solid lubricant nanoparticles" Wear 255, 7-12, 794-800 (2003)
  3. L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, M. Lvovsky, I. Lapsker, Yu. Volovik and R. Tenne "Load bearing capacity of bronze, iron and iron–nickel powder composites containing fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles" Tribology International 35, 1, 47-53 (2002)
  4. V. Leshchinsky, R. Popovitz-Biro, K. Gartsman; R. Rosentsveig, Yu. Rosenberg, R. Tenne and L. Rapoport "Behavior of solid lubricant nanoparticles under compression" Journal of Materials Science 39, 13, 4119-4129 (2004)
  5. L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, Yu. Volovik, M. Lvovsky, O. Nepomnyashchy, Y. Feldman, R. Popovitz-Biro and R. Tenne "Modification of contact surfaces by fullerene-like solid lubricant nanoparticles" Surface and Coatings Technology 163-164, 405-412 (2003)
  6. L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, M. Lvovsky, O. Nepomnyashchy, Yu. Volovik and R. Tenne "Friction and wear of powdered composites impregnated with WS2 inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles" Wear 252, 5-6, 518-527 (2002)
  7. P. Malits, A. Kaplunovsky, I.D. Vagner and P. Wyder ''Spectrum of electrons confined to rotationally symmetric nanoparticles'' Nano Letters 2, 9, 915-918 (2002)
  8. L. Cizaire, B. Vacher, T. Le Mogne, J.M. Martin, L. Rapoport, A. Margolin and R. Tenne "Mechanisms of ultra-low friction by hollow inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles" Surface and Coatings Technology 160, 2-3, 282-287 (2002)

Hu, Z.S. and Dong, J.X., Study on antiwear and reducing friction additive of nanometer titanium oxide, Wear, 15 March 1998, vol. 216, no. 1, pp. 92-96(5)
Abstract: Nanometer crystal titanium oxide with a particle size of about 20 nm was prepared using ethanol supercritical fluid drying technique. Tribology properties of 500 SN oil with the nanometer particles were measured using four-ball and block-on-ring tribotester. Results indicated that wear resistance and load carrying capacity of 500 SN base oil were improved and friction coefficient was decreased by an addition of the nanometer particles. There was an optimal content of titanium oxide in the oil, which gave the highest maximum nonseized load. Nanometer titanium oxide took effect by its deposition on rubbing surface. referred by S. Choi

Hu Z.S.1; Dong J.X., Study on antiwear and reducing friction additive of nanometer titanium borate, Wear, 15 March 1998, vol. 216, no. 1, pp. 87-91(5)
Abstract: Crystal titanium borate with a particle size of 10-70 nm was prepared using Ethanol Supercritical Fluid Drying technique. Tribology properties of 500 SN base oil containing so-prepared nanometer titanium borate were evaluated. Results indicated that wear resistance and load carrying capacity of the oil were improved and the friction coefficient of the oil was decreased. The improvement of tribological properties of the oil under low load resulted from the deposition of the nanometer titanium borate. The deposition and tribochemical reaction produced some diboron trioxide on the wear scar.

V.N. Bakunin1; A.Yu. Suslov1; G.N. Kuzmina1; O.P. Parenago1; A.V. Topchiev1 , Synthesis and Application of Inorganic Nanoparticles as Lubricant Components – a Review, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, June 2004, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 273-284(12)

75 1998 CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN 43(5):369-378 Luo JB; Wen SZ; Li LKY; Wong PL; Progresses and problems in nano-tribology

145 1999 JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 121(4):872-878; Luo JB; Huang P; Wen SZ; Li LKY, Characteristics of liquid lubricant films at the nano-scale

Kim, H.I. & Houston, J.E., Separating mechanical and chemical contributions to molecular-level friction. Journal of the American Chemical Society (published online) 17 November (2000).

 
Adhesion, friction, and mechanical properties of functionalized alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers.
Houston JE, Kim HI., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, USA.
Acc Chem Res. 2002 Jul;35(7):547-53

We have used interfacial force microscopy to study the adhesion, friction, and mechanical properties of molecular monolayers self-assembled on Au surfaces. This quantitative and stable scanning-probe technique permits detailed studies of these factors. By systematic variation of the chemical nature of the end groups on the monolayers and utilization of standard and intuitive contact-mechanics models, quantitative results are presented of inter- and intrafilm bonding strength as well as the relationship between mechanical behavior and the lateral friction force.
 
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